CBSKC.CN News from Huineng Network: Since the heating season entered in November, the air pollution indexes of Harbin, Changchun and Shenyang have successively exploded. The concentration of PM2.5 in Shenyang was once close to 1400 micrograms/cubic meter-according to the index level of PM2.5, 300-500 micrograms/cubic meter is already a heavy pollution. What is the main cause of haze in Northeast China? Some people think that coal is the main cause of haze. What is the relationship between coal and haze? Let's discuss it together.

 

Closing all of America's coal-fired power plants would also only reduce global temperatures by 0.05 degrees.

 

The smog incident in the northeast is reminiscent of the London smog incident from December 4 to 9, 1952. At that time, London used coal-fired heating in winter, and there were many coal-fired thermal power stations; due to the effect of the inversion layer, The sulfur dioxide and dust produced by coal burning accumulated over the city, causing haze.

 

However, according to the monitoring data of Changchun City, during the two heavy pollution periods in November, the sulfur dioxide concentration in Changchun City reached the first-class ambient air quality standard. Li Gang, a spokesperson for the Shenyang Environmental Protection Bureau, also revealed that when the air pollution was the most serious on November 8, the content of sulfur dioxide in the air in Shenyang was not high, and it has been within the national average secondary standard.

 

Liang Jun, chief forecaster of Dalian Meteorological Station, explained that coal-fired heating is easy to form. Foggy days instead of; Haze days:; The conditions for fog formation are high air humidity and condensation nuclei, and more particulate matter will be emitted during the heating period, that is to say, more "fog nuclei" are provided, which is relatively easy to form foggy days. However, no matter how many "fog cores" there are, the premise is that there must be a large amount of water vapor. If there is no large amount of water vapor, it will not be fog but haze.

 

We're looking at the United States, where coal used to play an important role. Coal-fired power generation provides stable and cheap electricity, providing a powerful boost to U.S. manufacturing. The core of the United States is built on coal resources. Among the 48 states in the United States, 31 states have more than 25% of their electricity supply from coal, and the remaining 17 states rely on coal-fired power for more than 50% of their electricity supply. Therefore, the reduction of coal-fired power generation capacity will have varying degrees of impact on most parts of the United States. Even if the United States shut down all coal-fired power plants, it would only reduce global temperatures by 0.05 degrees.

 

Half of our country's coal is used to generate electricity. What is the relationship between thermal power generation and coal?

 

Wang Zhixuan, secretary-general of the China Electricity Council, said that the power industry is by no means smog; the culprit, the ultra-low emission transformation of thermal power, will become a past tense.

 

The original intention of the formulation of air pollutant emission standards is not to control haze, but to limit pollutants in the environmental air quality standards, which are closely related to haze. The air pollutant emission standard for coal-fired power plants began in 1973 with the "Industry; Three Wastes Emission Trial Standard". At that time, only the soot and sulfur dioxide emission limit requirements for coal-fired power plants were stipulated; in 1991, a special GB13223 "Coal-fired Power Plant Air Pollutant Emission Standard" was formulated and revised several times in 1996, 2003 and 2011. The pollutants required to be controlled by the standard are three regular pollutants: soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The 2011 version of the standard also puts forward control requirements for the emission of mercury and its compounds in flue gas.

 

On the whole, the emission of three regular pollutants, smoke, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, from thermal power plants is no longer the main cause of environmental quality and haze formation.

 

There are many pollutants and pollution sources that produce haze. In addition to regular pollutants, volatile organic compounds are also important factors, but VOCs are not caused by electricity. To be precise, I think that the emission of regular pollutants from power plants is a secondary aspect of the non-major factors in the production of smog, and it is by no means smog; the culprit. It is time to focus on the real; perpetrators, such as scattered coal, motor vehicle emissions, VOCs emission sources and unorganized scattered straw. Among them, generally no emission reduction measures or emission reduction level of poor scattered coal on the impact of environmental quality is greater than coal-fired power plants.

 

At present: governance; loose coal combustion is the focus of haze control.

 

Experts believe that China should be based on national conditions and reality, the clean use of coal, governance; loose coal combustion and other issues as the focus of haze control.

 

In China, about 20% of coal is used in a decentralized way. Bulk coal, such as small boilers, household heating, catering coal, etc. These units and families can not be the same as the thermal power generation enterprises using environmental protection device desulfurization, denitrification, dust removal. Therefore, the control of air pollution can not be ignored a large number of industrial boilers and rural heating, etc.

 

The problem is that China's industrial boilers, etc.; loose coal is still unclear. 30% to 70% of the boiler low-altitude emissions, great harm to human health.

 

According to Wang Hanchen, a researcher at the Environmental and Economic Policy Research Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, industrial boilers, household heating, catering coal, etc.; the annual consumption of bulk coal is 0.6 billion to 0.7 billion tons, accounting for 20% of the country's coal consumption, second only to the power industry; the emission of sulfur dioxide is close to 10 million tons, which is flush with the emission of sulfur dioxide in the power industry; the emission of nitrogen oxides is more than 320 million tons, ranking third, second after electricity and motor vehicles. Therefore, because of its difficulty in centralized management of bulk coal, the cost of coal-fired management per unit is high, which should be the focus of replacing coal with gas.

 

Future: Clean coal utilization is the direction

 

The chairman and party secretary of Shandong Energy Group once said: In recent years, smog has been raging, and many people have pointed the culprit of air pollution to coal. This is a complete misunderstanding.

 

The impact of coal on the environment is mainly in the process of utilization. On the one hand, the environmental pollution caused by coal utilization is not rooted in coal enterprises, but in the poor governance of downstream enterprises in the process of utilization, which is actually the black pot of coal production instead of coal; on the other hand, we should see the whole life cycle emission of coal energy from production to utilization. Coal in the use of poor emissions control will produce pollution, in the production of the impact on the environment is mainly surface subsidence, mine water discharge, waste air emissions. However, the pollution of other fossil energy in the process of production and transportation is often ignored. For example, natural gas should see the leakage of mixed gas in the process of oil and gas production, such as blowout pollution in oil exploitation.

 

In view of the impact on the environment caused by surface subsidence and gangue stacking in the production process of coal mines, the coal industry now vigorously promotes green mining methods such as gangue filling and paste filling, which effectively reduces surface subsidence and reduces gangue emissions, gangue mountains that can discharge pollutants have been treated, gas has been turned into treasure, from emissions to power generation or production of liquefied natural gas, coal enterprises are becoming less and less pollution to the environment.

 

Now: We're trying

 

Coal clean development path has the following four:

 

1. Green development of coal based on environment-friendly

 

Coal development can not damage the environment, to build an environment-friendly coal development system. Shenhua's mining area is more beautiful after development than before. We have protected and restored the surface.

 

2. Coal-fired power generation based on ultra-low emissions

 

Coal-fired power generation now accounts for 60.7 percent of the country's installed electricity capacity and more than 70 percent of the electricity generated. For a long period of time in the future, coal-fired power generation will still be the main source of electricity in my country, and the 2030 installed capacity is expected to be between 1100-1300GW.

 

3. Modern coal chemical industry based on clean conversion

 

Coal can also be converted into oil, natural gas, chemical materials, etc. At present, China's coal clean conversion industry technology and industrial demonstration have made breakthrough development, and it is in the leading position in the world as a whole.

 

4. Comprehensive layout of strategic emerging industries

 

The establishment of fossil energy and non-fossil energy coupling intelligent energy system, to achieve the scale of clean energy, clean energy scale.