Bolt support is a kind of roadway support method developed rapidly in recent years. By anchoring the anchor in the rock, the mechanical state of the surrounding rock itself is improved, and the supporting body and the surrounding rock itself form a unified structure that can bear the load, so as to improve the strength of the rock itself, prevent or delay the deformation of the surrounding rock, and effectively maintain the integrity of the surrounding rock and the shape of the roadway section. Anchor drilling rig is the key construction equipment in the construction of bolt support. The construction speed of bolt support and the quality of support depend largely on the anchor drill. Bolt support drilling rig technology is one of the key technologies that affect the speed, quality and efficiency of bolt support construction. Therefore, the study of good performance, high reliability, in line with the actual situation of China's coal mine bolt drilling rig is one of the key technologies for the development of China's bolt support technology.

 

1 Current situation and development trend of foreign anchor drilling machines

 

As early as the 1940 s, bolt support technology has been applied to roadway support projects abroad. With the development of bolt support technology, bolt drilling rig as the main construction equipment of bolt support has become the focus of the development of this technology. After decades of research and research, the anchor drill has developed from the original single function, low technical content, poor reliability, poor safety, and bulkiness to today's fully functional, reliable, safe, and high level of automation. New drilling rig. In the early application of bolt support technology, foreign countries used ordinary rock drilling machinery to drill bolt holes in bolt support construction, manually installed the bolt, and tightened the nut with a wrench. By the early 1950 s, the United States, Sweden and other Western countries have been widely used telescopic pneumatic rock drills to drill roof bolt holes. At the same time, the United States has successfully developed drill-type bolt drills and promoted their use in support projects. It only took about 10 years abroad to realize the mechanization of bolt support. In the late 1950 s, with the continuous improvement of bolt support theory and design methods, the United Kingdom and other countries took the lead in applying bolt support technology to coal mine roadway support. In order to adapt to the characteristics of small section area of coal mine roadway, single electric and hydraulic rotary bolt drilling rigs have been developed in Britain, Poland and other countries. In the 1970 s, in order to adapt to the rapid construction of bolt support in large cross-section roadways, rock drilling equipment companies such as Ingersoll Rand in the United States, Sekma in France and Atlas in Sweden successively introduced a multi-functional and highly mechanized trolley type bolt drilling machine. This kind of drilling rig can not only drill the bolt hole, but also install the bolt, which basically realizes the mechanization of the bolt hole construction and bolt installation. From the 1980 s to the 1990 s, Australia successfully developed a light outrigger pneumatic bolting rig, which was widely used in coal mines in Australia, the United Kingdom, China, Poland and India. The cutting power of this type of drilling rig adopts wind motor, and the propulsion leg is wound with high strength glass fiber and carbon fiber. It has the characteristics of single power, light weight and large output torque. It is not only used for the construction of anchor rod and anchor cable hole, but also can be used for mixing resin anchor rod and tightening nut. It is still the main model of single anchor drilling rig in the world. In the 1990 s, when major mining equipment companies in Australia launched light-weight single anchor drilling machines, Jeffrey Company, Joy Company in the United States, Anderson Company in the United Kingdom, Austrian Steel Company in Austria, etc. successively developed airborne anchor drilling machines matched with continuous shearers and roadheaders, realizing the integrated operation of mining and anchoring. The new generation of anchor drilling machines not only adopted new materials and new processes, but also applied computer control technology, so that the anchor rod construction to achieve a high degree of mechanization and intelligence, so that its performance is more advanced, the use of more convenient and safer construction.

 

Looking at the development history of foreign anchor drilling equipment, the development of foreign anchor drilling rig has always been closely related to the continuous improvement and development of anchor support theory, interdependence and mutual promotion, at the same time, the research of foreign anchor drilling rig continues to use new materials and new technology. Closely combined with national conditions, each generation of products developed can represent the world's leading level at that time. On the one hand, the development trend of foreign anchor drilling rigs is to continuously improve and improve the single anchor drilling rigs that are now widely used to make them more reliable and more suitable for on-site needs. On the other hand, the research on integrated and rapid tunneling equipment for digging and anchoring has been continuously stepped up. At present, the research and development of foreign anchor drilling rigs will be carried out from these two aspects, and the latter will be the focus of future development.

 

2 Current situation and problems of domestic anchor drilling rig

 

The research of anchor drill in China started late, and the first generation of electric anchor drill was developed in the 1960 s. Due to the slow popularization and application of bolt support technology in China, the technology of bolt drilling rig has been in a state of slow development and low level repetition. After the 90's of the 20th century, with the vigorous promotion of bolt support technology, the technology of bolt drilling rig has made great progress. However, there is still a big gap between the overall level of China's anchor drill and the advanced level of foreign countries, which is also an urgent task for the development of bolt support technology in China. Since the 1960 s, a series of electric bolting rigs have been developed on the basis of the introduction of British Victor bolting rigs. In the 1970 s, on the basis of 7665 and ZY24 pneumatic rock drills, YSP45 telescopic roof rock drill was developed. With the extensive use of mortar anchor rods in rock roadways, China's first mechanized anchor rod drilling and installing machine was successfully developed in 1976, and CGM -40 full-liquid drilling vehicle was successfully developed in 1981. In the 1980 s, MZ series, QYM single bolting machine and YMJ -1 type pneumatic bolting machine for semi-coal and rock roof bolting were successively developed. In 1987, the Australian pneumatic bolting rig was introduced and 3 factories were designated for small batch production. In the past l0 a, China's single anchor drilling rig has made certain development on the basis of absorbing foreign anchor drilling rig technology. At present, the manufacturers of anchor drilling machines mainly produce pneumatic roof anchor drilling machines and pneumatic side-help anchor drilling machines. These two kinds of anchor drilling machines have formed a series of products. These products not only have the function of drilling the bolt hole L, but also have the function of mixing the resin and quickly installing the bolt. At the same time, the airborne anchor drilling rig supporting the boom type roadheader was successfully developed. At present, it is also stepping up research on continuous shearers with anchor drilling rigs and integrated units for digging and anchoring. With the continuous development of coal mine special anchor drilling machine, from the existing types of models, can only basically meet the needs, there are still many problems need to be further improved and improved.

 

(1) There are too many varieties of anchor drilling machines and their reliability is poor.

 

At present, China has developed a variety of models of anchor drilling rig, but it is suitable for underground use and reliability is not much, many products are difficult to use in the underground continuous. In order to pursue high profits, some manufacturers blindly improve the performance of anchor drilling machines and derive multiple models of anchor drilling machines. In fact, there is no substantial improvement in performance, and some even lead to a decline in the performance of anchor drilling machines.

 

(2) The production and manufacturing standards of the anchor drill are not standardized enough, and the interchangeability of the anchor drill parts of various manufacturers is poor. With the development of anchor drilling technology in China, a series of standards for anchor drilling rigs have been formulated, but the unified provisions on the size of the connecting parts of the drilling rig are not enough in the standards. In addition, the parts of the anchor drilling rig lack specialized production. Some manufacturers have made various parts for their own interests, resulting in extremely poor versatility of the parts of the anchor drilling rig on the market.

 

(3) Anchor drill technology has been stagnant in recent years, and product performance has been slowly improved. Domestic anchor drilling technology is based on the development of foreign anchor drilling technology. At present, almost all anchor drilling rigs are mapped from foreign anchor drilling rigs, and only on the basis of changing its shape and size, there has been no substantial breakthrough. And only change the size of the bolt drill and lead to a wide variety of parts and poor versatility, so that the cost of using the bolt drill in coal mines is virtually increasing.

 

(4) The application of high-tech is not enough, and the technology of anchor drilling rig is not developed enough to large-scale anchor technology and equipment. With the development of high-tech in our country, the application of high-tech bolt support equipment is not enough, and the research and production of high degree of automation and high degree of mechanization are not enough. There is no large-scale digging and anchoring equipment produced in line with China's national conditions like some foreign mining equipment companies. At present, the large-scale digging and anchoring equipment used in China's coal mines are imported from abroad.

 

3 Research direction of anchor drilling machine in China

 

With the continuous development of coal mine special anchor drilling machine, from the existing types of models, can only basically meet the needs of the present. From the point of view of the development of high-yield and high-efficiency coal mine construction in China, the development of anchor drill in China has hindered the pace of high-yield and high-efficiency coal mine construction in China. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the research of anchor drill technology as soon as possible.

 

(1) further standardize the existing anchor drill varieties, strengthen the existing anchor drill production management. In view of the current situation of a wide variety of anchor drilling rigs in China, it is necessary to further strengthen the specification of the existing anchor drilling rig models, the main parameters of the anchor drilling rig range, the formation of a few series. The interface of the main components of the same series of anchor drilling rig is unified, and the main parts of the anchor drilling rig are gradually serialized and generalized by strengthening the compulsory management of the products and manufacturers of the anchor drilling rig. In addition to further strengthen the anchor

 

The special production of drilling rig, especially the pneumatic bolt drilling rig parts, improves the quality of its spare parts, so as to improve the overall quality level of the single bolt drilling rig.

 

(2) to further study the special conditions of the use of drilling rig, making the anchor drill technology more comprehensive. At present, roof bolting drilling rig and coal side bolting drilling rig are commonly used in China, and their suitable roadway conditions are f<6 rock roof and middle and low coal side. Although there are several high-level coal-gang drilling rigs, the use effect is not ideal. Further research on other special drilling rigs such as high-level coal-gang drilling rigs, processing drum drilling rigs, hard rock drilling rigs and soft rock drilling rigs, so as to make the overall technical level of anchor drilling rigs to a higher level.

 

(3) Further new materials, new processes and other high-tech in other fields.

 

The technology is applied to the anchor drill to promote the development of the anchor drill technology. With the continuous development of science and technology in China, other areas of high and new technology continue to emerge, these new technologies are applied to the design and development of anchor drilling rig, so that the performance of the anchor drilling rig is better, so that the anchor drilling rig technology has been further developed.

 

(4) To further speed up the research of China's large-scale digging anchor machine group and other rapid tunneling equipment, the establishment of China's coal mine large-scale digging anchor equipment production and research base, so that China's coal mine large-scale digging anchor technology and equipment no longer rely on imports, to produce suitable for China's coal mine large-scale digging anchor equipment, for China's coal mine construction of high-yield and high-efficiency mines to provide a strong guarantee.